Transformer Efficiency
The Efficiency of the transformer is defined as the ratio of useful power output to the input power, the two being measured in the same unit. Its unit is either in Watts (W) or KW. Transformer efficiency is denoted by Ƞ.
Where,
V2 – Secondary terminal voltage
I2 – Full load secondary current
Cosϕ2 – power factor of the load
Pi – Iron losses = hysteresis losses + eddy current losses
Pc – Full load copper losses = I22Res
If x is the fraction of the full load, the transformer efficiency at this fraction is given by the relation shown below
The copper losses vary according to the fraction of the load.
Maximum Efficiency Condition of a Transformer
The transformer efficiency at a given load and power factor is given by the relation shown below
The copper losses vary according to the fraction of the load.
Maximum Efficiency Condition of a Transformer
The transformer efficiency at a given load and power factor is given by the relation shown below
i.e Copper losses = Iron losses
Thus, the efficiency of a transformer will be maximum when the copper or variable losses are equal to iron or constant losses.
From equation (2) the value of output current I2 at which the transformer efficiency will be maximum is given as
If x is the fraction of full load KVA at which the efficiency of the transformer is maximum
Then, copper losses = x2Pc (where Pc is the full load copper losses)
Iron losses = Pi
For maximum efficiency x2 Pc = Pi
Therefore, Output KVA corresponding to maximum efficiency
Putting the value of x from the above equation (3) in equation (4) we will get
The above equation (5) is the maximum efficiency condition of a transformer.
The Efficiency of the transformer is defined as the ratio of useful power output to the input power, the two being measured in the same unit. Its unit is either in Watts (W) or KW. Transformer efficiency is denoted by Ƞ.
Where,
V2 – Secondary terminal voltage
I2 – Full load secondary current
Cosϕ2 – power factor of the load
Pi – Iron losses = hysteresis losses + eddy current losses
Pc – Full load copper losses = I22Res
If x is the fraction of the full load, the transformer efficiency at this fraction is given by the relation shown below
The copper losses vary according to the fraction of the load.
Maximum Efficiency Condition of a Transformer
The transformer efficiency at a given load and power factor is given by the relation shown below
The copper losses vary according to the fraction of the load.
Maximum Efficiency Condition of a Transformer
The transformer efficiency at a given load and power factor is given by the relation shown below
i.e Copper losses = Iron losses
Thus, the efficiency of a transformer will be maximum when the copper or variable losses are equal to iron or constant losses.
From equation (2) the value of output current I2 at which the transformer efficiency will be maximum is given as
If x is the fraction of full load KVA at which the efficiency of the transformer is maximum
Then, copper losses = x2Pc (where Pc is the full load copper losses)
Iron losses = Pi
For maximum efficiency x2 Pc = Pi
Therefore, Output KVA corresponding to maximum efficiency
Putting the value of x from the above equation (3) in equation (4) we will get
The above equation (5) is the maximum efficiency condition of a transformer.
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