Substitution Theorem:
Statement:
Substitution Theorem states that the voltage across any branch or the current through that branch of a network being known, the branch can be replaced by the combination of various elements that will make the same voltage and current through that branch.
Properties of Substitution Theorem:
- Substitution theorem is applicable only for linear networks i.e. the networks with R, L, C, Transformer and linear controlled sources as elements.
- The presence of dependent sources makes the network active and hence substitution theorem is used for both active as well as passive networks.
Explanation of Substitution Theorem
Simply one can say that the Substitution Theorem is the replacement of one element with another equivalent element. In a network if any element is substituted or replaced by a voltage or current source whose voltage and current across or through that element will remain unchanged as the previous network.
Let us understand the theorem with the help of the circuit diagram shown below
Here various resistances R1, R2, R3 is connected across with the voltage source (V). Current I is flowing through the circuit, which is divided into current I1 flowing through the resistance R1 and the current I2 flowing through the resistance R2. V1, V2 and V3 are the voltage drop across the resistance R1, R2 and R3 respectively.
Now if the resistance R3 is substituted by the voltage source V3 as shown in the circuit diagram below
In the circuit diagram shown below the resistance, R3 is replaced by the current flowing through that element, i.e. I1
In both the cases shown above if the element is substituted by the voltage source or the current source, then also, the initial conditions of the circuit does not alter. This means that the voltage across the resistance and current flowing through the resistance unaltered even if they are substituted by other sources.
Steps for Solving Network Using Substitution Theorem
Step 1 : First obtain the concerned branch voltage and current flowing through the branch given by Vxy and Ixy as shown below in the figure A
Step 2 : The branch may be substituted by an independent voltage source as shown above in the figure B
Step 3 : Similarly the branch may be replaced by an independent current source as shown below in the circuit diagram C
Step 4 : Hence it is seen that the voltage drop and the current flowing through the circuit A shown above will be same if it is substituted by any independent voltage or current source shown in the figure B and C.
What is Substitution Theorem
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